How to Check a Used Car Before You Buy: The Complete UK Checklist

1. Check the paperwork first

Before you even look at the car, look at the documents. If the paperwork doesn't stack up, walk away — no matter how good the car looks.

• V5C logbook: the seller's name and address should match where you're viewing the car, and the VIN on the logbook should match the plate stamped in the car (usually at the base of the windscreen and inside the driver's door).
• Service history: stamps or digital records that match the mileage story. Gaps aren't automatically fatal, but big unexplained ones are a red flag.
• MOT history: free to check on the government's MOT history service using the registration. Look at advisories over the years — they tell you how the car has been cared for.
• HPI check: confirms whether the car has outstanding finance, has been written off, or is recorded stolen. Reputable dealers do this for you — we HPI check every car we sell.

2. Inspect the bodywork in daylight

Always view a car in daylight, ideally when it's dry — rain hides scratches and dull paint. Crouch at each corner and look along the panels for ripples that suggest filler or resprays.

• Panel gaps should be even — uneven gaps can mean accident repairs.
• Paint should match across panels; check door edges and boot sills for overspray.
• Tyres: at least 3mm of tread is comfortable (1.6mm is the legal minimum), and wear should be even. Uneven wear can mean tracking or suspension issues.
• Check under the car and inside the boot floor for rust or crash repair welds.

3. Under the bonnet

You don't need to be a mechanic. Check the oil level and colour (milky residue under the cap can mean head-gasket trouble), look for fresh leaks under the engine, and make sure the coolant is at the right level and not rusty brown.

Start the car from cold if you can — a cold start reveals rattles, smoke and reluctant starters that a warmed-up engine hides. Ask the seller not to start it before you arrive.

4. The test drive

Drive for at least fifteen minutes and include some faster roads. You're listening and feeling for anything the car is trying to tell you.

• Steering should be straight and vibration-free; the car shouldn't pull to one side under braking.
• Gear changes (manual or automatic) should be smooth, with no whines or clunks.
• Try everything electrical: windows, air-con, infotainment, parking sensors, cameras.
• After the drive, let it idle and look again for smoke or leaks.

5. Buying from a dealer vs privately

Buying from a dealer costs a little more than a private sale, but you get legal protection a private sale can't offer: under the Consumer Rights Act 2015 the car must be of satisfactory quality, fit for purpose and as described — and you typically get a warranty on top.

A good dealer will have done this whole checklist before the car went on sale. Ask them what preparation the car had; the answer tells you a lot about who you're buying from.